⚛️ high-energy experiments

Amplitude analysis and branching fraction measurement of $J/ψ\to Λ\barΣ^0η+\mathrm{c.c}$

Using a large sample of $J/\psi$ events collected by the BESIII detector, this study performs the first partial-wave analysis of the decay $J/\psi\to \Lambda\bar{\Sigma}^0\eta+\mathrm{c.c.}$ , identifying dominant contributions from excited $\Lambda$ states ( $\Lambda(1670)$ and $\Lambda(1810)$ ) and measuring their masses, widths, and the process's branching fraction.

Original authors: BESIII Collaboration, M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, X. C. Ai, C. S. Akondi, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, Q. An, Y. H. An, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, Y. Ban, H. -R. Bao, X. L. Bao, V. Batozskaya, K. BegzBESIII Collaboration, M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, X. C. Ai, C. S. Akondi, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, Q. An, Y. H. An, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, Y. Ban, H. -R. Bao, X. L. Bao, V. Batozskaya, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Berlowski, M. B. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, E. Bianco, A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, A. Brueggemann, H. Cai, M. H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin, X. Y. Chai, J. F. Chang, T. T. Chang, G. R. Che, Y. Z. Che, C. H. Chen, Chao Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, H. Y. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, S. M. Chen, T. Chen, W. Chen, X. R. Chen, X. T. Chen, X. Y. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Y. Q. Chen, Z. K. Chen, J. Cheng, L. N. Cheng, S. K. Choi, X. Chu, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, J. Cottee-Meldrum, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai, X. C. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, C. Q. Deng, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denisenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, X. X. Ding, Y. Ding, Y. X. Ding, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, X. Dong, M. C. Du, S. X. Du, S. X. Du, X. L. Du, Y. Q. Du, Y. Y. Duan, Z. H. Duan, P. Egorov, G. F. Fan, J. J. Fan, Y. H. Fan, J. Fang, J. Fang, S. S. Fang, W. X. Fang, Y. Q. Fang, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, L. Feng, Q. X. Feng, Y. T. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, J. L. Fu, Y. W. Fu, H. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Y. Y. Gao, Z. Gao, S. Garbolino, I. Garzia, L. Ge, P. T. Ge, Z. W. Ge, C. Geng, E. M. Gersabeck, A. Gilman, K. Goetzen, J. Gollub, J. B. Gong, J. D. Gong, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, S. Gramigna, M. Greco, M. D. Gu, M. H. Gu, C. Y. Guan, A. Q. Guo, J. N. Guo, L. B. Guo, M. J. Guo, R. P. Guo, X. Guo, Y. P. Guo, A. Guskov, J. Gutierrez, T. T. Han, F. Hanisch, K. D. Hao, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, C. Z. He, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, C. H. Heinz, Y. K. Heng, C. Herold, P. C. Hong, G. Y. Hou, X. T. Hou, Y. R. Hou, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, Q. P. Hu, S. L. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, Y. X. Hu, Z. M. Hu, G. S. Huang, K. X. Huang, L. Q. Huang, P. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Y. S. Huang, T. Hussain, N. Hüsken, N. in der Wiesche, J. Jackson, Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, W. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, L. K. Jia, X. Q. Jia, Z. K. Jia, D. Jiang, H. B. Jiang, P. C. Jiang, S. J. Jiang, X. S. Jiang, Y. Jiang, J. B. Jiao, J. K. Jiao, Z. Jiao, L. C. L. Jin, S. Jin, Y. Jin, M. Q. Jing, X. M. Jing, T. Johansson, S. Kabana, X. L. Kang, X. S. Kang, B. C. Ke, V. Khachatryan, A. Khoukaz, O. B. Kolcu, B. Kopf, L. Kröger, L. Krümmel, Y. Y. Kuang, M. Kuessner, X. Kui, N. Kumar, A. Kupsc, W. Kühn, Q. Lan, W. N. Lan, T. T. Lei, M. Lellmann, T. Lenz, C. Li, C. Li, C. H. Li, C. K. Li, C. K. Li, D. M. Li, F. Li, G. Li, H. B. Li, H. J. Li, H. L. Li, H. N. Li, H. P. Li, Hui Li, J. S. Li, J. W. Li, K. Li, K. L. Li, L. J. Li, Lei Li, M. H. Li, M. R. Li, P. L. Li, P. R. Li, Q. M. Li, Q. X. Li, R. Li, S. Li, S. X. Li, S. Y. Li, Shanshan Li, T. Li, T. Y. Li, W. D. Li, W. G. Li, X. Li, X. H. Li, X. K. Li, X. L. Li, X. Y. Li, X. Z. Li, Y. Li, Y. G. Li, Y. P. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. J. Li, Z. L. Li, Z. X. Li, Z. Y. Li, C. Liang, H. Liang, Y. F. Liang, Y. T. Liang, G. R. Liao, L. B. Liao, M. H. Liao, Y. P. Liao, J. Libby, A. Limphirat, D. X. Lin, T. Lin, B. J. Liu, B. X. Liu, C. X. Liu, F. Liu, F. H. Liu, Feng Liu, G. M. Liu, H. Liu, H. B. Liu, H. M. Liu, Huihui Liu, J. B. Liu, J. J. Liu, K. Liu, K. Liu, K. Y. Liu, Ke Liu, L. Liu, L. C. Liu, Lu Liu, M. H. Liu, P. L. Liu, Q. Liu, S. B. Liu, W. M. Liu, W. T. Liu, X. Liu, X. K. Liu, X. L. Liu, X. P. Liu, X. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. B. Liu, Z. A. Liu, Z. D. Liu, Z. L. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, Z. Y. Liu, X. C. Lou, H. J. Lu, J. G. Lu, X. L. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. H. Lu, Y. P. Lu, Z. H. Lu, C. L. Luo, J. R. Luo, J. S. Luo, M. X. Luo, T. Luo, X. L. Luo, Z. Y. Lv, X. R. Lyu, Y. F. Lyu, Y. H. Lyu, F. C. Ma, H. L. Ma, Heng Ma, J. L. Ma, L. L. Ma, L. R. Ma, Q. M. Ma, R. Q. Ma, R. Y. Ma, T. Ma, X. T. Ma, X. Y. Ma, Y. M. Ma, F. E. Maas, I. MacKay, M. Maggiora, S. Malde, Q. A. Malik, H. X. Mao, Y. J. Mao, Z. P. Mao, S. Marcello, A. Marshall, F. M. Melendi, Y. H. Meng, Z. X. Meng, G. Mezzadri, H. Miao, T. J. Min, R. E. Mitchell, X. H. Mo, B. Moses, N. Yu. Muchnoi, J. Muskalla, Y. Nefedov, F. Nerling, H. Neuwirth, Z. Ning, S. Nisar, Q. L. Niu, W. D. Niu, Y. Niu, C. Normand, S. L. Olsen, Q. Ouyang, S. Pacetti, Y. Pan, A. Pathak, Y. P. Pei, M. Pelizaeus, H. P. Peng, X. J. Peng, Y. Y. Peng, K. Peters, K. Petridis, J. L. Ping, R. G. Ping, S. Plura, V. Prasad, F. Z. Qi, H. R. Qi, M. Qi, S. Qian, W. B. Qian, C. F. Qiao, J. H. Qiao, J. J. Qin, J. L. Qin, L. Q. Qin, L. Y. Qin, P. B. Qin, X. P. Qin, X. S. Qin, Z. H. Qin, J. F. Qiu, Z. H. Qu, J. Rademacker, C. F. Redmer, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, G. Rong, S. S. Rong, F. Rosini, Ch. Rosner, M. Q. Ruan, N. Salone, A. Sarantsev, Y. Schelhaas, K. Schoenning, M. Scodeggio, W. Shan, X. Y. Shan, Z. J. Shang, J. F. Shangguan, L. G. Shao, M. Shao, C. P. Shen, H. F. Shen, W. H. Shen, X. Y. Shen, B. A. Shi, H. Shi, J. L. Shi, J. Y. Shi, M. H. Shi, S. Y. Shi, X. Shi, H. L. Song, J. J. Song, M. H. Song, T. Z. Song, W. M. Song, Y. X. Song, Zirong Song, S. Sosio, S. Spataro, S. Stansilaus, F. Stieler, M. Stolte, S. S Su, G. B. Sun, G. X. Sun, H. Sun, H. K. Sun, J. F. Sun, K. Sun, L. Sun, R. Sun, S. S. Sun, T. Sun, W. Y. Sun, Y. C. Sun, Y. H. Sun, Y. J. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, Z. Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, C. J. Tang, G. Y. Tang, J. Tang, J. J. Tang, L. F. Tang, Y. A. Tang, L. Y. Tao, M. Tat, J. X. Teng, J. Y. Tian, W. H. Tian, Y. Tian, Z. F. Tian, I. Uman, E. van der Smagt, B. Wang, B. Wang, Bo Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, Cong Wang, D. Y. Wang, H. J. Wang, H. R. Wang, J. Wang, J. J. Wang, J. P. Wang, K. Wang, L. L. Wang, L. W. Wang, M. Wang, M. Wang, N. Y. Wang, S. Wang, Shun Wang, T. Wang, T. J. Wang, W. Wang, W. P. Wang, X. F. Wang, X. L. Wang, X. N. Wang, Xin Wang, Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Y. H. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, Y. N. Wang, Y. N. Wang, Yaqian Wang, Yi Wang, Yuan Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. L. Wang, Z. Q. Wang, Z. Y. Wang, Ziyi Wang, D. Wei, D. H. Wei, H. R. Wei, F. Weidner, S. P. Wen, U. Wiedner, G. Wilkinson, M. Wolke, J. F. Wu, L. H. Wu, L. J. Wu, Lianjie Wu, S. G. Wu, S. M. Wu, X. W. Wu, Z. Wu, L. Xia, B. H. Xiang, D. Xiao, G. Y. Xiao, H. Xiao, Y. L. Xiao, Z. J. Xiao, C. Xie, K. J. Xie, Y. Xie, Y. G. Xie, Y. H. Xie, Z. P. Xie, T. Y. Xing, D. B. Xiong, C. J. Xu, G. F. Xu, H. Y. Xu, M. Xu, Q. J. Xu, Q. N. Xu, T. D. Xu, X. P. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. C. Xu, Z. S. Xu, F. Yan, L. Yan, W. B. Yan, W. C. Yan, W. H. Yan, W. P. Yan, X. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Yan, H. J. Yang, H. L. Yang, H. X. Yang, J. H. Yang, R. J. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. H. Yang, Y. H. Yang, Y. M. Yang, Y. Q. Yang, Y. Z. Yang, Z. Y. Yang, Z. P. Yao, M. Ye, M. H. Ye, Z. J. Ye, Junhao Yin, Z. Y. You, B. X. Yu, C. X. Yu, G. Yu, J. S. Yu, L. W. Yu, T. Yu, X. D. Yu, Y. C. Yu, Y. C. Yu, C. Z. Yuan, H. Yuan, J. Yuan, J. Yuan, L. Yuan, M. K. Yuan, S. H. Yuan, Y. Yuan, C. X. Yue, Ying Yue, A. A. Zafar, F. R. Zeng, S. H. Zeng, X. Zeng, Y. J. Zeng, Y. J. Zeng, Y. C. Zhai, Y. H. Zhan, S. N. Zhang, B. L. Zhang, B. X. Zhang, D. H. Zhang, G. Y. Zhang, G. Y. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. C. Zhang, H. H. Zhang, H. Q. Zhang, H. R. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. J. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. Q. Zhang, J. S. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, J. X. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, J. Z. Zhang, Jianyu Zhang, L. M. Zhang, Lei Zhang, N. Zhang, P. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang, Q. Z. Zhang, R. Y. Zhang, S. H. Zhang, Shulei Zhang, X. M. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. T. Zhang, Y. H. Zhang, Y. P. Zhang, Z. D. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, Z. L. Zhang, Z. L. Zhang, Z. X. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, Zh. Zh. Zhang, G. Zhao, J. -P. Zhao, J. Y. Zhao, J. Z. Zhao, L. Zhao, L. Zhao, M. G. Zhao, S. J. Zhao, Y. B. Zhao, Y. L. Zhao, Y. P. Zhao, Y. X. Zhao, Z. G. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, B. Zheng, B. M. Zheng, J. P. Zheng, W. J. Zheng, W. Q. Zheng, X. R. Zheng, Y. H. Zheng, B. Zhong, C. Zhong, H. Zhou, J. Q. Zhou, S. Zhou, X. Zhou, X. K. Zhou, X. R. Zhou, X. Y. Zhou, Y. X. Zhou, Y. Z. Zhou, J. Zhu, K. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, K. S. Zhu, L. X. Zhu, Lin Zhu, S. H. Zhu, T. J. Zhu, W. D. Zhu, W. J. Zhu, W. Z. Zhu, Y. C. Zhu, Z. A. Zhu, X. Y. Zhuang, J. H. Zou

Published 2026-07-09

📖 4 min read🧠 Deep dive

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Original authors: BESIII Collaboration, M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, X. C. Ai, C. S. Akondi, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, Q. An, Y. H. An, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, Y. Ban, H. -R. Bao, X. L. Bao, V. Batozskaya, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Berlowski, M. B. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, E. Bianco, A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, A. Brueggemann, H. Cai, M. H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin, X. Y. Chai, J. F. Chang, T. T. Chang, G. R. Che, Y. Z. Che, C. H. Chen, Chao Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, H. Y. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, S. M. Chen, T. Chen, W. Chen, X. R. Chen, X. T. Chen, X. Y. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Y. Q. Chen, Z. K. Chen, J. Cheng, L. N. Cheng, S. K. Choi, X. Chu, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, J. Cottee-Meldrum, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai, X. C. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, C. Q. Deng, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denisenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, X. X. Ding, Y. Ding, Y. X. Ding, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, X. Dong, M. C. Du, S. X. Du, S. X. Du, X. L. Du, Y. Q. Du, Y. Y. Duan, Z. H. Duan, P. Egorov, G. F. Fan, J. J. Fan, Y. H. Fan, J. Fang, J. Fang, S. S. Fang, W. X. Fang, Y. Q. Fang, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, L. Feng, Q. X. Feng, Y. T. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, J. L. Fu, Y. W. Fu, H. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Y. Y. Gao, Z. Gao, S. Garbolino, I. Garzia, L. Ge, P. T. Ge, Z. W. Ge, C. Geng, E. M. Gersabeck, A. Gilman, K. Goetzen, J. Gollub, J. B. Gong, J. D. Gong, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, S. Gramigna, M. Greco, M. D. Gu, M. H. Gu, C. Y. Guan, A. Q. Guo, J. N. Guo, L. B. Guo, M. J. Guo, R. P. Guo, X. Guo, Y. P. Guo, A. Guskov, J. Gutierrez, T. T. Han, F. Hanisch, K. D. Hao, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, C. Z. He, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, C. H. Heinz, Y. K. Heng, C. Herold, P. C. Hong, G. Y. Hou, X. T. Hou, Y. R. Hou, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, Q. P. Hu, S. L. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, Y. X. Hu, Z. M. Hu, G. S. Huang, K. X. Huang, L. Q. Huang, P. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Y. S. Huang, T. Hussain, N. Hüsken, N. in der Wiesche, J. Jackson, Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, W. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, L. K. Jia, X. Q. Jia, Z. K. Jia, D. Jiang, H. B. Jiang, P. C. Jiang, S. J. Jiang, X. S. Jiang, Y. Jiang, J. B. Jiao, J. K. Jiao, Z. Jiao, L. C. L. Jin, S. Jin, Y. Jin, M. Q. Jing, X. M. Jing, T. Johansson, S. Kabana, X. L. Kang, X. S. Kang, B. C. Ke, V. Khachatryan, A. Khoukaz, O. B. Kolcu, B. Kopf, L. Kröger, L. Krümmel, Y. Y. Kuang, M. Kuessner, X. Kui, N. Kumar, A. Kupsc, W. Kühn, Q. Lan, W. N. Lan, T. T. Lei, M. Lellmann, T. Lenz, C. Li, C. Li, C. H. Li, C. K. Li, C. K. Li, D. M. Li, F. Li, G. Li, H. B. Li, H. J. Li, H. L. Li, H. N. Li, H. P. Li, Hui Li, J. S. Li, J. W. Li, K. Li, K. L. Li, L. J. Li, Lei Li, M. H. Li, M. R. Li, P. L. Li, P. R. Li, Q. M. Li, Q. X. Li, R. Li, S. Li, S. X. Li, S. Y. Li, Shanshan Li, T. Li, T. Y. Li, W. D. Li, W. G. Li, X. Li, X. H. Li, X. K. Li, X. L. Li, X. Y. Li, X. Z. Li, Y. Li, Y. G. Li, Y. P. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. J. Li, Z. L. Li, Z. X. Li, Z. Y. Li, C. Liang, H. Liang, Y. F. Liang, Y. T. Liang, G. R. Liao, L. B. Liao, M. H. Liao, Y. P. Liao, J. Libby, A. Limphirat, D. X. Lin, T. Lin, B. J. Liu, B. X. Liu, C. X. Liu, F. Liu, F. H. Liu, Feng Liu, G. M. Liu, H. Liu, H. B. Liu, H. M. Liu, Huihui Liu, J. B. Liu, J. J. Liu, K. Liu, K. Liu, K. Y. Liu, Ke Liu, L. Liu, L. C. Liu, Lu Liu, M. H. Liu, P. L. Liu, Q. Liu, S. B. Liu, W. M. Liu, W. T. Liu, X. Liu, X. K. Liu, X. L. Liu, X. P. Liu, X. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. B. Liu, Z. A. Liu, Z. D. Liu, Z. L. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, Z. Y. Liu, X. C. Lou, H. J. Lu, J. G. Lu, X. L. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. H. Lu, Y. P. Lu, Z. H. Lu, C. L. Luo, J. R. Luo, J. S. Luo, M. X. Luo, T. Luo, X. L. Luo, Z. Y. Lv, X. R. Lyu, Y. F. Lyu, Y. H. Lyu, F. C. Ma, H. L. Ma, Heng Ma, J. L. Ma, L. L. Ma, L. R. Ma, Q. M. Ma, R. Q. Ma, R. Y. Ma, T. Ma, X. T. Ma, X. Y. Ma, Y. M. Ma, F. E. Maas, I. MacKay, M. Maggiora, S. Malde, Q. A. Malik, H. X. Mao, Y. J. Mao, Z. P. Mao, S. Marcello, A. Marshall, F. M. Melendi, Y. H. Meng, Z. X. Meng, G. Mezzadri, H. Miao, T. J. Min, R. E. Mitchell, X. H. Mo, B. Moses, N. Yu. Muchnoi, J. Muskalla, Y. Nefedov, F. Nerling, H. Neuwirth, Z. Ning, S. Nisar, Q. L. Niu, W. D. Niu, Y. Niu, C. Normand, S. L. Olsen, Q. Ouyang, S. Pacetti, Y. Pan, A. Pathak, Y. P. Pei, M. Pelizaeus, H. P. Peng, X. J. Peng, Y. Y. Peng, K. Peters, K. Petridis, J. L. Ping, R. G. Ping, S. Plura, V. Prasad, F. Z. Qi, H. R. Qi, M. Qi, S. Qian, W. B. Qian, C. F. Qiao, J. H. Qiao, J. J. Qin, J. L. Qin, L. Q. Qin, L. Y. Qin, P. B. Qin, X. P. Qin, X. S. Qin, Z. H. Qin, J. F. Qiu, Z. H. Qu, J. Rademacker, C. F. Redmer, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, G. Rong, S. S. Rong, F. Rosini, Ch. Rosner, M. Q. Ruan, N. Salone, A. Sarantsev, Y. Schelhaas, K. Schoenning, M. Scodeggio, W. Shan, X. Y. Shan, Z. J. Shang, J. F. Shangguan, L. G. Shao, M. Shao, C. P. Shen, H. F. Shen, W. H. Shen, X. Y. Shen, B. A. Shi, H. Shi, J. L. Shi, J. Y. Shi, M. H. Shi, S. Y. Shi, X. Shi, H. L. Song, J. J. Song, M. H. Song, T. Z. Song, W. M. 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Original paper licensed under CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ✨ This is an AI-generated explanation of the paper below. It is not written or endorsed by the authors. For technical accuracy, refer to the original paper. Read full disclaimer

Imagine the universe as a giant, cosmic pinball machine. Inside this machine, tiny particles bounce around, crash into each other, and sometimes shatter into new, fleeting shapes. Physicists at the BESIII experiment in China have been watching this pinball table for years, collecting data from over 10 billion crashes of a specific particle called the J/ψ.

In this latest study, they zoomed in on a very specific, rare crash: when a J/ψ particle decays into a trio of other particles—a Lambda baryon ( $\Lambda$ ), an anti-Sigma baryon ( $\bar{\Sigma}^0$ ), and an eta meson ( $\eta$ ). It's like watching a single billiard ball break apart into three specific, spinning pieces.

The Main Discovery: Finding the "Ghost" Particles
The real magic here isn't just seeing the crash; it's figuring out how it happened. The scientists suspect that the J/ψ didn't just break apart randomly. Instead, it likely formed a temporary, excited "middleman" particle (a resonance) that existed for a split second before vanishing.

By analyzing the energy and angles of the debris, the team performed a complex "amplitude analysis" (think of it as a high-tech audio equalizer that separates the noise from the music). They found that the data is best explained by two specific excited states of the Lambda particle:

The $\Lambda(1670)$ : This is a well-known "ghost" that appears with a mass of 1668.8 ± 3.1 ± 21.2 MeV/c² and a width (how long it lasts) of 52.7 ± 4.2 ± 17.8 MeV. The team found this one with extreme confidence (over 20σ, which is like finding a needle in a haystack and being 100% sure it's a needle).
The $\Lambda(1810)$ : This one is a bit more mysterious. The data suggests a second particle with a mass of 1881.5 ± 16.5 ± 20.3 MeV/c² and a width of 82.4 ± 18.2 ± 8.9 MeV. While the Particle Data Group (the encyclopedia of particles) lists a $\Lambda(1810)$ , its existence has been debated. This study finds strong evidence for it (about 10.9σ confidence), though the team notes that a different particle, the $\Lambda(1890)$ , is a slightly less likely alternative. They didn't rule it out completely, but the $\Lambda(1810)$ is the favorite guess.

What They Ruled Out
The scientists were very careful not to guess wildly. They tested many other possibilities, including different types of excited particles and various combinations of spins.

They explicitly found that no obvious structures appeared in the mass distribution of the anti-Sigma and eta pair ( $\bar{\Sigma}^0\eta$ ). So, they didn't look for excited anti-Sigma particles in this specific analysis.
They also checked if the second particle could be the $\Lambda(1890)$ (which has a different spin). While the math allowed for it, the fit was slightly worse. The paper suggests the $\Lambda(1810)$ is the better match, but it doesn't claim to have "solved" the mystery with absolute finality.

The "How Often" Question
The team also counted exactly how often this specific three-piece breakup happens. Out of all the J/ψ particles they studied, this specific decay occurred about 3.44 ± 0.11 ± 0.13 times out of every 100,000. That's a rare event, but with their massive dataset, they could measure it precisely.

How Sure Are They?
The results are based on real data from 10,087 ± 44 million J/ψ events collected by the BESIII detector.

The discovery of the $\Lambda(1670)$ is rock-solid.
The identification of the $\Lambda(1810)$ is very strong, but the paper admits there is a tiny chance it could be something else (like the $\Lambda(1890)$ ).
The measurements of mass and width come with "error bars" (uncertainties). For example, the mass of the $\Lambda(1810)$ is measured as 1881.5, but the true value could be a bit higher or lower within the range of ± 16.5 (statistical) and ± 20.3 (systematic).

In short, the scientists have successfully mapped out the "footprints" of two excited Lambda particles in a rare cosmic crash. They haven't just guessed; they measured the footprints, weighed the particles, and timed how long they danced before disappearing, all while keeping a very open mind about the one slightly less certain candidate.

Technical Summary: Amplitude Analysis and Branching Fraction Measurement of $J/\psi \to \bar{\Lambda}\Sigma^0\eta + \text{c.c.}$

Problem Statement
The spectra and structure of excited light-flavor baryons are critical for understanding nonperturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), including confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. While the quark model predicts numerous $\Lambda^*$ resonance states, experimental information remains sparse. Specifically, the $\Lambda(1670)$ , located near the $\eta\Lambda$ threshold, has diverse theoretical interpretations (e.g., SU(3) octet partner, meson-baryon bound state, or multiquark mixture), yet data is limited. Similarly, the existence and properties of the $\Lambda(1810)$ resonance are debated; while some evidence suggests its existence, its quantum numbers and branching fractions are poorly determined in the Particle Data Group (PDG) listings, with some models providing only weak evidence for it. Clarifying the structural properties of these states, particularly through observations in $\eta\Lambda$ mass distributions, is essential.

Methodology
The study utilizes a data sample of $(10087 \pm 44) \times 10^6$ $J/\psi$ events collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The analysis focuses on the decay chain $J/\psi \to \bar{\Lambda}\Sigma^0\eta + \text{c.c.}$ , reconstructed via the final state $\gamma\gamma\gamma p\bar{p}\pi^+\pi^-$ , corresponding to the sub-decays $\Lambda \to p\pi^-$ , $\bar{\Lambda} \to \bar{p}\pi^+$ , $\Sigma^0 \to \gamma\bar{\Lambda}$ , and $\eta \to \gamma\gamma$ .

Event Selection: Candidates are selected requiring three photon candidates and four charged tracks with net zero charge. Kinematic fits are applied: a four-constraint (4C) fit for $\Lambda\bar{\Lambda}\gamma\gamma\gamma$ hypotheses, followed by a five-constraint (5C) fit incorporating the $\eta \to \gamma\gamma$ mass constraint. Backgrounds from $J/\psi \to \Lambda\bar{\Lambda}\pi^0\gamma$ are suppressed by comparing $\chi^2$ values of competing hypotheses.
Signal Extraction: The $\bar{\Lambda}\Sigma^0$ signal is isolated by requiring the $\gamma\bar{\Lambda}$ invariant mass to fall within the $\Sigma^0$ signal region ( $1.184 < M < 1.199$ GeV/ $c^2$ ). Background contributions are estimated using sideband regions defined as $1.157 < M < 1.164$ GeV/ $c^2$ and $1.215 < M < 1.223$ GeV/ $c^2$ .
Partial Wave Analysis (PWA): A PWA is performed using the helicity amplitude formalism and the isobar model, implemented via the TF-PWA framework. The decay is modeled as a sequential quasi-two-body process. The analysis tests various intermediate $\Lambda^*$ states (listed in Table I of the paper) with different spin-parity ( $J^P$ ) assignments. The likelihood function is constructed based on the differential cross-section and detection efficiency, with background subtracted using sideband events.

Key Contributions and Results
This work presents the first partial-wave analysis of the $J/\psi \to \bar{\Lambda}\Sigma^0\eta + \text{c.c.}$ decay.

Resonance Identification: The data are well-described by a model containing two dominant resonant contributions in the $\eta\Lambda$ $η Λ$ mass spectrum:
- A state with $J^P = 1/2^-$ near 1.67 GeV/ $c^2$ , identified as the $\Lambda(1670)$ .
- A state with $J^P = 1/2^+$ near 1.88 GeV/ $c^2$ , identified as the $\Lambda(1810)$ .
- The fit quality for the second resonance is slightly better with $J^P = 1/2^+$ (favored over $3/2^+$ ) compared to the $\Lambda(1890)$ hypothesis, though the mass is approximately 90 MeV/ $c^2$ higher than the PDG value for $\Lambda(1810)$ (within two standard deviations).
Measured Parameters:
- $\Lambda(1670)$ : Mass $M = 1668.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 21.2$ MeV/ $c^2$ , Width $\Gamma = 52.7 \pm 4.2 \pm 17.8$ MeV.
- $\Lambda(1810)$ : Mass $M = 1881.5 \pm 16.5 \pm 20.3$ MeV/ $c^2$ , Width $\Gamma = 82.4 \pm 18.2 \pm 8.9$ MeV.
- The statistical significances are $>20\sigma$ for $\Lambda(1670)$ and $10.9\sigma$ for $\Lambda(1810)$ .
Branching Fraction: The total branching fraction is measured to be:
$\mathcal{B}(J/\psi \to \bar{\Lambda}\Sigma^0\eta + \text{c.c.}) = (3.44 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.13) \times 10^{-5}$
The product branching fractions for the individual resonant components are also determined.

Significance
The paper claims that this analysis provides crucial experimental data for clarifying the structural properties of the $\Lambda(1670)$ and $\Lambda(1810)$ resonances. By observing these states in the $\eta\Lambda$ mass distribution via an isospin-violating $J/\psi$ decay, the study offers a unique probe into baryon spectroscopy and SU(3) flavor symmetry. The observation of the $\Lambda(1810)$ with $J^P=1/2^+$ contributes to the ongoing discussion regarding its existence and quantum numbers, addressing the sparse experimental information currently available in the PDG. The results are consistent with the dominant contributions being excited $\Lambda$ states, providing a baseline for further theoretical interpretations of light-flavor baryon resonances.

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