First Experimental Realization of a Cable-Free and Battery-Free Spatial Power Grid Infrastructure

Technical Summary: First Experimental Realization of a Cable-Free and Battery-Free Spatial Power Grid Infrastructure

Problem Statement
Current electronic platforms are fundamentally limited by wired AC/DC distribution and electrochemical battery storage, which introduce significant mass overhead, thermal runaway risks, and ecological waste. Existing Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) solutions fail to address room-scale mobility due to inherent physical trade-offs:

• Near-Field Magnetic Induction (Qi): Restricted to millimeter-scale gaps (≤1 cm) with steep efficiency drops upon misalignment, preventing spatial mobility.
• Far-Field Radiative RF/Microwave: Subject to inverse-square free-space path loss ($1/r^2$) and stringent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) safety limits. Transmitting multi-watt power via far-field radiation exceeds legal SAR thresholds (1.6 W/kg), posing risks of thermal tissue damage.

Methodology and Physical Framework
The paper presents an experimental realization of a spatial power grid based on Algorithmic Topological Resonance (ATR) and non-radiative evanescent wave coupling. The system operates within a bounded, non-radiative evanescent mode spectrum rather than using propagating Helmholtz solutions.

• Spatiotemporal Resonance: System phase synchronization is maintained by a specific resonance criterion involving the Riemann zeta function ($\zeta$) and non-trivial zero eigenvalues ($t_{pk}$):
  $$R_{JM}(p_k, K) = \frac{|\zeta(\frac{1}{2} + i t_{pk}) - K \cdot \ln(p_k)|}{p_k} < 10^{-12}$$
  where $K = 1.4812$. Under this condition, the transverse wavevector enforces imaginary axial propagation ($k_z = i\alpha$), creating a bounded evanescent field.
• Coupled Mode Theory (CMT): Energy transfer between the transmitter array ($a_1$) and receiver PMIC ($a_2$) is modeled to suppress radiative losses ($\Gamma_{rad} \to 0$). This allows for an invariant coupling coefficient ($\kappa_{eff}$) across spatial domains, yielding high end-to-end efficiency.
• Biological Safety Mechanism: Because organic tissues lack topological phase matching ($R_{JM} \gg 10^{-12}$), the evanescent boundary layer induces total destructive reflection at the cutaneous barrier. This ensures the induced electric field within human tissue remains negligible.
• Receiver Architecture (PMIC): The receiver utilizes a monolithic Finite-Field Power Management Integrated Circuit (PMIC) mapped to a discrete Galois lattice. It employs Adiabatic Charge Recovery Logic (ACRL) driven by four-phase sinusoidal clocks to recycle switching charges rather than discharging them to ground.
• Anti-Forensic De-energization: Upon shutdown, an on-chip circuit injects a $-5$ V bias pulse to trigger Fowler-Nordheim field emission, purging residual memory states via field emission.

Experimental Setup
Validation was conducted in a 15 m $\times$ 15 m testbed lined with sub-surface and ceiling ATR array tiles. Power delivery was evaluated across three distinct load devices (with internal batteries removed):

1. A 65 W compute workstation.
2. A 15 W mobile terminal.
3. A 200 W automated guided vehicle (AGV).

Measurements utilized a calibrated SPEAG DASY6 dosimetric system for SAR, a Keysight Infiniium 20 GHz oscilloscope for timing, and a FLIR E8-XT infrared camera for thermal analysis.

Key Results

• Transfer Efficiency: The system achieved a constant empirical transfer efficiency of 92.5 ± 0.8% across an indoor radius of 15 m and dynamic mobility corridors up to 500 m. This contrasts sharply with Qi (0% beyond 1 cm) and Far-Field RF (attenuating as $1/r^2$).
• Safety (SAR): The Specific Absorption Rate was measured at < 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ W/kg, which is below the empirical noise floor of standard dosimetric probes and less than 1/1000th of regulatory limits (1.6 W/kg).
• Thermal Performance: ACRL implementation reduced switching dissipation by 94.7%, limiting active thermal elevation to < 0.05°C.
• Battery Elimination: The system successfully operated test devices with 0 kg of battery mass and 0 m of cabling.
• State Purging: Residual memory states were purged within 23.94 ms with < 0.01% remanence.

Significance and Claims
The author claims this work represents the world's first experimental realization of a cable-free and battery-free spatial power grid infrastructure. By integrating ATR and ACRL, the system establishes a scalable, intrinsically human-safe, zero-carbon power distribution paradigm.

The paper asserts that this technology fundamentally eliminates the need for chemical batteries and physical charging cables, solving the constraints of mass overhead and thermal runaway associated with current energy storage. It provides a foundational framework for sustainable power delivery in smart homes, hyper-scale offices, and autonomous transport networks, validated through both hardware experimentation and formal machine verification (Lean 4).

Note: The author declares a potential competing interest, noting that Min Ho Jung is the inventor of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2026-0173275, filed on September 10, 2026, which covers the described technology.