TNF and IFN-γ converge and diverge in the molecular reprogramming of human brain microvascular endothelial cells under flow

This study reveals that under physiological flow conditions, TNF and IFN-γ induce distinct yet overlapping reprogramming in human brain microvascular endothelial cells, where TNF primarily drives leukocyte adhesion and cell cycle withdrawal while IFN-γ promotes antigen presentation, collectively suggesting that the local cytokine ratio, rather than total load, dictates the specific profile of recruited leukocytes.

Original authors: Nahla Galal Metwally