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Hybrid Electrochemical-Photochemical System for Metformin Hydrochloride Degradation: Operational Optimization, Kinetics and Toxicity Assessment

This study demonstrates that a hybrid electrochemical-photochemical system utilizing a magnetite-impregnated graphite anode effectively degrades metformin hydrochloride by 95.22% within 75 minutes, following pseudo-first-order kinetics and resulting in a treatment effluent that is non-toxic to yellow onions but remains toxic to broccoli cabbage.

Original authors: Gabriel Paiva Ourem, Vanessa de Oliveira Marques Cavalcanti, Fernanda Sobreira Silva, Ana Maria Mendonça Albuquerque Melo, José Luís Ferreira Sá, Beatriz Galdino Ribeiro, Pollyanna Michelle Silva, Joã
Published 2026-10-21
📖 1 min read☕ Coffee break read

Original authors: Gabriel Paiva Ourem, Vanessa de Oliveira Marques Cavalcanti, Fernanda Sobreira Silva, Ana Maria Mendonça Albuquerque Melo, José Luís Ferreira Sá, Beatriz Galdino Ribeiro, Pollyanna Michelle Silva, João Carlos Cunha Rangel, Ingrid Larissa Silva Santana, Daniella Carla Napoleão

Original paper licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ✨ This is an AI-generated explanation of the paper below. It is not written or endorsed by the authors. For technical accuracy, refer to the original paper. Read full disclaimer

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