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Measurement of the Ωb−Ω_b^- baryon lifetime

Using LHCb Run 2 data, this paper measures the lifetime ratio of Ωb−\Omega_b^- to Ξb−\Xi_b^- baryons to be 1.109±0.055±0.0101.109\pm0.055\pm0.010, yielding an improved Ωb−\Omega_b^- lifetime of 1.751±0.089±0.0221.751\pm0.089\pm0.022 ps that aligns with heavy quark expansion theoretical predictions.

Original authors: LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, M. Abdelfatah, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb, C. Abellan Beteta, F. Abudinén, T. Ackernley, A. A. Adefisoye, B. Adeva, M. Adinolfi, P. Adlarson, C. Agapopoulou, C. A. Aidala, S.
Published 2026-09-23
📖 4 min read🧠 Deep dive

Original authors: LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, M. Abdelfatah, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb, C. Abellan Beteta, F. Abudinén, T. Ackernley, A. A. Adefisoye, B. Adeva, M. Adinolfi, P. Adlarson, C. Agapopoulou, C. A. Aidala, S. Akar, K. Akiba, H. Al Saleh, P. Albicocco, J. Albrecht, R. Aleksiejunas, F. Alessio, P. Alvarez Cartelle, A. A. Alves, S. Amato, J. L. Amey, Y. Amhis, Z. Amos, L. An, L. Anderlini, P. Andreola, M. Andreotti, S. Andres Estrada, A. Anelli, D. Ao, C. Arata, F. Archilli, Z. Areg, M. Argenton, S. Arguedas Cuendis, L. Arnone, M. Artuso, E. Aslanides, R. Ataíde Da Silva, M. Atzeni, B. Audurier, J. A. Authier, D. Bacher, I. Bachiller Perea, S. Bachmann, M. Bachmayer, J. J. Back, M. Bai, Z. B. Bai, V. Balagura, A. Balboni, W. Baldini, Z. Baldwin, L. Balzani, H. Bao, J. Baptista de Souza Leite, C. Barbero Pretel, I. R. Barbosa, W. Barker, R. J. Barlow, M. Barnyakov, S. Baron, S. Barsuk, W. Barter, J. Bartz, S. Bashir, B. Batsukh, P. B. Battista, A. Bavarchee, A. Bay, A. Beck, M. 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Curras Rivera, R. Currie, C. L. Da Silva, X. Dai, J. Dalseno, C. D'Ambrosio, G. Darze, A. Davidson, O. De Aguiar Francisco, C. De Angelis, F. De Benedetti, J. de Boer, K. De Bruyn, S. De Capua, M. De Cian, U. De Freitas Carneiro Da Graca, F. De Gregorio, E. De Lucia, J. M. De Miranda, L. De Paula, A. De Robertis, E. De Santis, M. De Serio, P. De Simone, F. De Vellis, J. A. de Vries, F. Debernardis, D. Decamp, S. Dekkers, L. Del Buono, B. Demaire-Lepape, J. Deng, O. Deschamps, F. Dettori, B. Dey, P. Di Nezza, S. Ding, Y. Ding, L. Dittmann, J. F. Diverchy, A. D. Docheva, A. Doheny, C. Dong, F. Dordei, J. Dorta Moreno, A. C. dos Reis, J. Dos Santos Oliveira, A. D. Dowling, L. Dreyfus, W. Duan, P. Duda, L. Dufour, V. Duk, P. Durante, M. M. Duras, J. M. Durham, K. Duwe, A. Dziurda, S. Easo, E. Eckstein, U. Egede, S. Eisenhardt, E. Ejopu, L. Eklund, M. Elashri, D. Elizondo Blanco, J. Ellbracht, S. Ely, A. Ene, T. Evans, F. Fabiano, S. Faghih, L. N. Falcao, B. Fang, R. Fantechi, L. 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Original paper licensed under CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ✨ This is an AI-generated explanation of the paper below. It is not written or endorsed by the authors. For technical accuracy, refer to the original paper. Read full disclaimer

In the subatomic world, matter is built from a small family of fundamental particles called quarks. Among these, the "beauty" quark is particularly heavy and unstable, meaning it does not last long before breaking apart into lighter particles. Physicists have developed a sophisticated mathematical framework to predict how long these heavy particles should survive before decaying. This framework, known as the heavy quark expansion, suggests that while all particles containing a single beauty quark should have roughly the same lifespan, subtle differences in their internal structure—specifically how their other constituent quarks interact—should cause tiny variations in their survival times. Measuring these variations with extreme precision is crucial because it acts as a stress test for our current understanding of the universe. If the measurements match the predictions, it confirms our theories are solid; if they diverge, it could signal the presence of entirely new physics that we have not yet discovered.

A team of researchers at the Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment, known as LHCb, has now taken a significant step forward in this quest by measuring the lifespan of a rare particle called the Ωb−\Omega_b^- baryon. This particle is unique because it is composed of a heavy beauty quark and two other quarks known as strange quarks. This specific combination makes it distinct from other beauty particles, offering a special opportunity to probe the forces that hold these particles together. The researchers analyzed a massive dataset of collisions between protons, collected over four years, to find and track these fleeting particles. By comparing how long the Ωb−\Omega_b^- lives against a similar, more common particle called the Ξb−\Xi_b^-, they were able to determine the Ωb−\Omega_b^- lifetime with a precision that is twice as good as any previous measurement.

The experiment relied on sifting through billions of collisions to find the few instances where an Ωb−\Omega_b^- baryon was created and then decayed into a specific set of lighter particles. The team focused on two different ways this decay could happen: one where the particle breaks down into a mix of protons, pions, and kaons, and another where it produces a pair of muons along with other particles. Because the Ωb−\Omega_b^- is produced so rarely and decays so quickly, finding enough examples to make a reliable measurement is a formidable challenge. The researchers used powerful computers to simulate how these particles should behave inside their detectors, allowing them to distinguish the genuine signal from the overwhelming background noise of other particle interactions. They carefully corrected for any biases in their equipment or software, ensuring that the final count of particles was accurate.

After gathering the data, the team calculated the ratio of the Ωb−\Omega_b^- lifetime to that of the Ξb−\Xi_b^- baryon. They found that the Ωb−\Omega_b^- lives approximately 1.11 times longer than its cousin particle. When they combined this new result with earlier measurements from a previous phase of the experiment, they arrived at a definitive value for the Ωb−\Omega_b^- lifetime: 1.751 picoseconds. A picosecond is an incredibly short unit of time, equal to one trillionth of a second, but in the world of subatomic particles, this is a measurable duration that reveals deep truths about their nature. The uncertainty in this measurement is very small, representing a major improvement in precision over the global average known before this study.

The result aligns remarkably well with the predictions made by the heavy quark expansion framework. This agreement suggests that our current theoretical models are correctly describing how the strong nuclear force operates within these complex particles. The study also considered whether certain rare decay processes, which are not fully accounted for in the standard theory, could be skewing the results. The researchers concluded that any such effects would be too small to significantly alter the outcome at the current level of precision. While the match between theory and experiment is reassuring, the authors note that further reductions in measurement uncertainty in the future will allow for even more stringent tests. This work does not overturn existing physics, but rather tightens the screws on our understanding, confirming that the heavy quark expansion remains a robust tool for describing the behavior of the universe's most fundamental building blocks.

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