Microencapsulation of probiotics by multiple emulsion using protein– polysaccharide blends: seawater stability and viability for aquaculture
This study demonstrates that microencapsulating *L. acidophilus* and *L. plantarum* via double-emulsion spray drying using a WPI/GA/MD protein–polysaccharide blend at 10% total solids effectively preserves probiotic viability and seawater stability for six months, offering a robust, sustainable alternative to antibiotics in shrimp aquaculture.