Transposable element-host genome evolutionary arms race revealed by multi-modal epigenomic profiling in a telomere-to-telomere human genome reference
By leveraging multi-modal epigenomic profiling across a telomere-to-telomere human genome reference, this study reveals that transposable elements, particularly SVA and specific Alu and LTR subfamilies, engage in an evolutionary arms race with host defense systems primarily by escaping H3K9me3-mediated heterochromatinization and progressively invading CTCF-rich regulatory regions to drive genomic innovation.